Each message is encrypted on the sender’s device using the recipient’s public key, and can only be decrypted by the private key on the recipient’s device. Public keys are used to encrypt information, and private keys are used to decrypt. The technical details vary from service to service, but in general, all end-to-end encryption schemes rely on a strategy that uses pairs of encryption keys. When a message is protected by end-to-end encryption, only the sender and recipient are able to read it. The technology has been in use in one form or another for more than two decades, but it has grown more popular (and controversial) in recent years as hundreds of millions of users have begun using encrypted messaging services like WhatsApp and iMessage. The term end-to-end encryption is most often associated with communication channels like email, instant messaging, and video chat services.
The key distinction lies not in how the data is encrypted, but in how the data is used after encryption. Each technique is based on the concept that information is encrypted at its origination point and only decrypted when it reaches its final destination. The similarities between client-side and end-to-end encryption are more important than the differences, which may explain why some companies seem to use them interchangeably. The terms “client-side encryption” and “end-to-end encryption,” for example, are used to describe encryption methods for both consumers and businesses, but those unfamiliar with encryption technology may find it difficult to distinguish between the two. Like any rapidly-developing technology, encryption has given rise to a vocabulary of sometimes confusing terminology that can make it difficult to understand the benefits of different approaches. Now more than ever, individuals and businesses are looking for ways to use encryption to keep their sensitive information safe from data thieves, spies, and other cyber threats.
In fact, a report from Forrester named data encryption as one of the top global cybersecurity trends of 2017. In a world of proliferating cyber threats and constant data exchange, encryption continues to gain visibility as the single most important tool for long-term information security.
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